Jigoro Kano, referred to the three purposes of Judo as physical education, learning how to attack and defend, and moral training. The Kime-no-Kata was established in 1888 and consists of twenty techniques for attack and defense. Eight are Idori techniques for use while seated, and twelve are Tachiai for use when both people are standing. By studying the kata it is possible to understand and master the theoretical basis for attack and defense, thereby allowing one to move quickly and apply the most appropriate techniques to control the opponent. The Kime-no-Kata includes Atemi Waza, which are not used in Randori. Regular practice is essential in order to understand the key locations and apply the atemi sharply.